NP-40, also known by its chemical registry number CAS: 9016-45-9, is a nonionic surfactant commonly used in various industrial and laboratory applications. A member of the nonylphenol ethoxylate (NPE) family, NP-40 is valued for its excellent emulsifying, wetting, and dispersing properties.
Chemical Identity
– Chemical Name: Nonylphenol ethoxylate
– Common Name: NP-40
– CAS Number: 9016-45-9
– Molecular Structure: Composed of a nonylphenol group with varying lengths of ethylene oxide chains
Key Physical and Chemical Properties
| Property | Value |
|————————-|——————————–|
| Appearance | Clear to slightly hazy liquid |
| Solubility | Soluble in water |
| Surface tension | Reduces surface tension in aqueous solutions |
| pH (10% solution) | Typically between 6.0 and 8.0 |
| Flash Point | > 200°C (Closed Cup) |
NP-40’s surface-active properties enable it to interact effectively with both hydrophobic and hydrophilic substances, making it an ideal component in formulations where emulsification and solubilization are required.
Applications
1. Laboratory Use
NP-40 is widely used in biochemistry and molecular biology as a detergent to lyse cells and solubilize proteins and lipids. It’s often part of buffer solutions like RIPA buffer for protein extraction and cell membrane disruption.
2. Industrial Cleaning
Due to its strong emulsifying power, NP-40 is used in industrial cleaning agents, particularly for degreasing and removing oil-based contaminants from metal and plastic surfaces.
3. Textile and Leather Processing
NP-40 aids in wetting, dispersing, and emulsifying during textile scouring, dyeing, and finishing processes, helping to improve uniformity and quality of dye application.
4. Paints, Coatings, and Inks
NP-40 acts as a dispersant and wetting agent, promoting consistent distribution of pigments and improving the stability of emulsions in water-based coatings and inks.
5. Agricultural Chemicals
In agricultural formulations, NP-40 serves as a surfactant in pesticide and herbicide products to enhance adhesion, spreading, and penetration on plant surfaces.
Safety and Environmental Considerations
Health Hazards
– May cause skin and eye irritation upon direct contact.
– Inhalation or prolonged exposure may lead to respiratory irritation.
– Not classified as acutely toxic but should be handled with standard protective equipment.
Environmental Impact
– Nonylphenol ethoxylates like NP-40 are known for poor biodegradability and can be harmful to aquatic life.
– Regulatory bodies in some countries have restricted or phased out NPEs due to concerns over their persistence and endocrine-disrupting potential.
Handling & Storage
– Store in a cool, well-ventilated area away from strong oxidizing agents.
– Use gloves, eye protection, and appropriate ventilation during handling.
Alternatives and Regulations
Due to environmental concerns, many manufacturers are transitioning to more environmentally friendly nonionic surfactants, such as alcohol ethoxylates, as alternatives to NP-40.
Regulations:
– Subject to regulation under various environmental and chemical safety acts (e.g., REACH in the EU, TSCA in the U.S.).
– Users should check applicable local and international regulations when using or disposing of NP-40.
Conclusion
NP-40 (CAS: 9016-45-9) is a versatile and widely used nonionic surfactant with key roles in laboratory, industrial, and agricultural settings. While effective in its applications, responsible use and consideration of safer alternatives are encouraged due to its environmental profile.
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